Definition
of Subject, Verb, Complement, and
Modifier and The teory of Subject-Verb Agreement.
1. Definition of Subject, Verb, Complement, and Modifier
Subject is innti second after predicate function . The shape of the subject is usually a noun , either in the form of words, phrases , or clauses . To determine the subject , can be determined by using the question of who and what .
Verb ( verb ) is a function word to indicate the action of the subject , showing events or circumstances . Verb is one of the eight parts of speech .
Object is the part that explains directly to the predicate verb transitive . Usually a noun , or noun phrase . In the transitive active sentences , the object will shift function becomes the subject if the sentence was pacified .
Complement is a word or group of words that completes the meaning of the subject , verb , or object. Thus , there are three kinds of complement , namely : subject , verb , and object complement .
EXAMPLE
· I go to school everyday.S V O C
· We are reading book together.S V O C
· They studied together at the libraryS V O C
· He saw Despicable Me 2 in the cinema.S V O C· They are watching TV now.S V O C
2. The theory of Subject-Verb Agreement
Subject-verb agreement adalah persesuaian antara verb dengan subject dalam
hal number, yaitu: singular (tunggal)
atau plural (jamak). Subjek dapat berupanoun, pronoun, atau konstruksi lain yang berakting
sebagai noun, seperti gerund daninfinitive. Padadasarnya, singular subject (subjek
tunggal) menggunakan singular verb (kata kerja tunggal), sedangkan plural subject (subjek jamak)
menggunakan plural verb (kata kerja jamak).
v Singular subject – singular verb
Secara umum pada bentuk present tense, singular verb berupa base form (bentuk dasar) dariverb dengan ditambahkan suffix (akhiran) -s.
v Plural subject – plural verb
Tanpa ditambahkan suffix -s (sebaliknya, plural subject ditambahkan suffix -s). Aturan kata kerja ini berlaku pula pada subjek berupa third person (orang ketiga, contoh: Ricky, Anna) dan semua personal pronoun (they, we= jamak; he, she, it= tunggal), kecuali I dan you. Walaupun berupa subjek tunggal, I dan you dipasangkan dengan kata kerja bentuk jamak.
Contoh Kalimat Subject-Verb
Agreement
· The sun rises.
· The stars shine.
· Leo rarely eats white
bread.
· You go straight
ahead then turn left.
Namun jika
ada helping
verb, maka helping
verb-nya yang berubah sedangkan main verb dalam bentuk dasar (base form
verb). Pilihan helping verb dalam bentuk tunggal-jamak-nya
adalah is-are, does-do, dan has-have. Khusus
untuk has-have, agreement tidak berlaku jika kata tersebut
merupakan second helping verb atau digunakan dibelakang helping
verb lainnya.
Contoh Kalimat Subject-Verb
Agreement
· My boss always comes on
time.
· They like eating
out.
· He is working.
· I do submit the task.
· The manager has checked the documents.
· The cat will have been sleeping (has-have TIDAK BERLAKU)
Sedangkan
pada past tense, tidak ada perbedaan bentuk kata kerja dalam
hal number(tunggal atau jamak) jika tidak ada helping verb,
yaitu: was-were.
Contoh Kalimat Subject-Verb
Agreement
The cat was sleeping.
· We were roasting corn.
· She drove
fast
Adapun jika kata kerja
yang digunakan berupa linking
verb,
maka is, am (khusus I), was (past tense) digunakan
oleh singular subject, sedangkan are dan were (past
tense) oleh plural subject.
Contoh Kalimat Subject-Verb
Agreement :
· Ricky is smart.
· The children are naughty.
· I was a
stamp collector.
· My books were borrowed
by him.
Verb Singular And
Plural.
Singular :
is, has, was, agrees, approves, the number, and does
Plural :
are, have, ware, agree, approve, a number, and do
1. Noun each/every => verb singular
Jika subjeknya menggunakan each/every maka verb yang digunakan
adalah verb singular
Contoh : Every Man, woman, child needs love
(kata need ditambah huruf s, karena subjeknya lebih dari satu)
2. Noun + proposional phrase =>
verb lihat noun
Contoh : the book on the table is mine
3. Noun plural => verb plural
Jika subjeknya menggunakan plural maka verb yang digunakan juga
plural
Contoh : the books on the table are mine
4. Noun singular => verb singular
Jika subjeknya menggunakan singular maka verb yang digunakan
juga singular
Contoh : the apples at the markets are cheap
Same of
singular noun => singular verb
A lot
of plural
noun => plural verb
None of
contoh :
Half of
-some of my homework is easy
Most of
-some of my homeworks are easy
Each of
plural noun => verb tetap singular
Every of
contoh :
One of
-each of my friend is here
The number => verb singular
Contoh : the number of student in this class is 20
A number =>
verb plural
Contoh : a number of student are missed the class
Pronouns
Pronouns adalah kata ganti yang
digunakan untuk orang, hewan, benda, atau hal secara spesifik. Bentuk kata
ganti ini tergantung pada peran (subject, object, possessive), jumlah, orang
ke-, dan gender dari noun yang
digantikan.
Perubahan Bentuk pada Personal Pronoun
Berbeda
dengan noun yang memiliki bentuk yang sama ketika berfungsi sebagai subject atau object
dan penambahan apostrophe ketika berfungsi
sebagai possessive, perubahan pada kata ganti ini mengacu pada beberapa parameter,
yaitu :
·
case (subjective,
objective, & possessive)
·
number (singular
& plural)
·
person (first,
second, & third)
·
gender (female,
male, & neutral)
Perubahan bentuk pada kata
ganti ini dapat dilihat pada tabel sebagai berikut.:
Number
|
Person
|
Case
|
||
Subjective
|
Objective
|
Possessive
|
||
Singular
|
1st
|
I
|
me
|
mine
|
2nd
|
you
|
you
|
yours
|
|
3rd
|
she, he, it
|
her, him, it
|
hers, his, its
|
|
Plural
|
1st
|
we
|
us
|
ours
|
2nd
|
you
|
you
|
yours
|
|
3rd
|
they
|
them
|
theirs
|
Subjective,
Objective, & Possessive Personal Pronoun
Personal pronoun dapat
berfungsi sebagai subject, object, maupun possessive (parameter case). Penjelasan
peran dan beberapa contoh kalimat personal pronoun adalah sebagai berikut.
Peran
|
Detail
|
Contoh Kalimat Personal Pronoun
|
Subjective personal pronouns
(I, you, they, we, she, he, it) |
Berarti kata
ganti ini berfungsi sebagai subject
|
He is a politician.
(Dia adalah politisi.) |
It is the most delicious cake
that I have
ever eaten.
(Ini kue terlezat yang saya pernah makan.) |
||
Objective personal pronouns
(me, you, us, them, her, him, it) |
Berarti kata
ganti ini berfungsi sebagai:
object of a verb, object of a compound verb, object of a preposition, atau object of infinitive phrase |
object of a verb:
He lent me two interesting books. (Dia meminjami saya dua buku yang menarik.) |
object of a compound verb:
None understands why the man really loves her. (Tak satupun mengerti kenapa pria tersebut mencintai dia.) |
||
object of a preposition:
If only he shared his problem with me. (Seandainya dia membagi masalahnya kepada saya.) |
||
object of infinitive phrase:
Everybody is enthusiastic to help her. (Setiap orang antusias membantunya.) |
||
Possessive personal
pronouns
(mine, yours, ours, theirs, hers, his, its) |
Berarti kata
ganti ini berfungsi untuk menunjukkan siapa yang memiliki sesuatu dengan
menempati posisi sebagai:subject of a sentence atau
subject complement. |
subject of a sentence:
Yours was sent yesterday. (Milikmu dikirim kemarin), Mine is the biggest one. (Punyaku yang terbesar.) |
subject complement:
The red and black car is his. (Mobil merah-hitam tsb milik dia.), That is ours. (Itu punya kita.) |
Appositive
& Personal Pronoun.
Personal Pronoun dapat digunakan pada appositive. Jika appositive menerangkan subject, kata ganti yang digunakan adalah subjective personal pronouns (I, you, they, we, she, he, it). Sebaliknya jika appositive menerangkan object, maka kata ganti yang digunakan adalah objective personal pronouns (me, you, us, them, her, him, it).
Contoh Appositive &
Personal Pronoun :
The team, Atiek and I, got the appreciation for our recent
research about nuclear. [The team=subject; Atiek and I = Appositive; I = subjective pp]
Diana invited her best
friend,
Vina and me, to her wedding
party. [herbest friend= object; Vina and me= appositive; me= objective pp]
REFERENSI :
http://www.wordsmile.com/pengertian-contoh-kalimat-subject-verb-agreement
http://lihansramses212.blogspot.com/2014/06/pengertiansubject-verb-agreement.html
http://www.wordsmile.com/pengertian-contoh-kalimat-subject-verb-complementhttp://www.wordsmile.com/pengertian-contoh-kalimat-personal-pronouns
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